Research Article
Received: 2025-04-01 | Revised:2025-08-14 | Accepted: 2025-08-14 | Published: 2025-12-17
Pages: 154-176
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58985/jesec.2025.v01i03.15
Abstract
A screening method for detecting the quinolone antibiotic family using an amperometric sensor was developed. The sensor was built by modifying a cylindrical graphite-epoxy composite (cGECE)-based electrode with Prussian Blue (PB). The PB-cGECE sensor was characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, laser Raman microscopy, VIS and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. As a result, the sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic behavior in the oxidation of quinolones compared to the bare graphite electrode. The electrochemical parameters, including electroactive surface coverage, the transfer coefficient, and the standard heterogeneous rate constant, were obtained from cyclic voltammograms. Calibration curves for seven quinolones were performed by amperometric detection on a PB-cGECE sensor with limits of detection of 3, 20, 30, 10, 45, 35, and 30 μg L-1 for ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and sarafloxacin, respectively. Ciprofloxacin was selected as a representative congener of the quinolone family in the screening evaluation of the water sample using a detection capability (CCβ) of 4.0 μg L-1 to classify samples as compliant or non-compliant. The method complies with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808 for screening techniques and also shows good precision, selectivity, and applicability in aqueous environmental matrices with a total analysis time of 5 min.
Keywords
Quinolone antibiotic, electrochemical detection, amperometry, Prussian blue, water.
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Abstract
A screening method for detecting the quinolone antibiotic family using an amperometric sensor was developed. The sensor was built by modifying a cylindrical graphite-epoxy composite (cGECE)-based electrode with Prussian Blue (PB). The PB-cGECE sensor was characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, laser Raman microscopy, VIS and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. As a result, the sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic behavior in the oxidation of quinolones compared to the bare graphite electrode. The electrochemical parameters, including electroactive surface coverage, the transfer coefficient, and the standard heterogeneous rate constant, were obtained from cyclic voltammograms. Calibration curves for seven quinolones were performed by amperometric detection on a PB-cGECE sensor with limits of detection of 3, 20, 30, 10, 45, 35, and 30 μg L-1 for ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and sarafloxacin, respectively. Ciprofloxacin was selected as a representative congener of the quinolone family in the screening evaluation of the water sample using a detection capability (CCβ) of 4.0 μg L-1 to classify samples as compliant or non-compliant. The method complies with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808 for screening techniques and also shows good precision, selectivity, and applicability in aqueous environmental matrices with a total analysis time of 5 min.
Abstract Keywords
Quinolone antibiotic, electrochemical detection, amperometry, Prussian blue, water.
This work is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution
4.0
License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Editor-in-Chief
This work is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
License.(CC BY-NC 4.0).